Chapter 319
Industrialization of Transistors
【319】Industrialization of transistors
Beidu.
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Xiaoqiang had just returned to Beidu, and before he even had time to eat dinner, he was dragged away by Mr. Wu Youxun, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
"Xiaoqiang, the Institute of Applied Physics has obtained the equipment and materials you purchased, and is currently trial-producing a variety of transistors. However, as early as 1948, the US Patent Office had approved Bell Labs' transistor invention patent, which caused us quite a headache. In the electronic technology industry-university-research integration strategy designated by the central government, the main goal of the next step is to mass-produce transistors industrially! In this way, what if Bell Labs in the United States asks us for patent fees? According to the plan, this will be exported ah."
Xiaoqiang sighed, looked hungrily at a table of meals prepared by Mr. Wu in the cafeteria of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, held back his saliva and said, "Mr. Wu, I am really hungry, and I only came back after flying with Mr. Chen all afternoon. We eat and sleep at home."
Mr. Wu said with a smile: "It's not the same everywhere, you boy, don't tempt me, the prime minister can tell me, if you have any questions or needs, I can find you! Don't shirk, or I will go to the prime minister to sue you boy black."
"Uncle Wu! Uncle Wu, please forgive me. Haven't I been serving the people? I have purchased enough 'one display and four spectrum' this time? Just various types of microscopes, optical and electronic. , together there are more than 3000 units!...You still let me have a bite first. Eh? This roast duck is not bad? Take a mouthful of saliva. "
Dean Wu hurriedly said: "The experimental equipment is very good! Very good! I have to praise you! No, the roast duck is specially bought for you! Your aunt brought it back from Quanjude specially! You hurry up and say it before I eat it for you." !"
Xiaoqiang was afraid that the food would be cold, so he hurriedly said: "It is true that the United States has applied for a patent, but it has not yet applied for a patent in China. Our National Patent Office is about to open, and now the central government has made arrangements. More than 2000 patents have been approved. Americans registered in the United States, but not in China, so it doesn’t count for the time being.”
Dean Wu asked: "What about export? The electron tube factory and transistor factory under the Ministry of Electronics Industry have started trial production. It is estimated that in the second half of this year, they will be able to produce about 70 pieces of various transistors. It has been put into production ahead of schedule and can basically meet the production demand.”
Xiao Qiang said: "Re-register when exporting! It is true that the United States has applied for a patent on germanium transistors, but germanium transistors are not the only type of transistor. Let's take out the silicon transistor and register it, and crush it to death.
After reading the information, you old people must know that the germanium transistor has too much reflow, the working temperature must not be overheated, the working stability is poor, the passing voltage is low, and the damage rate is high!Compared with silicon tubes, it's just too bad!
The germanium transistor is of little use except for the low-voltage side.Compared with silicon tubes, it has no future at all.I guarantee that germanium tubes will disappear from the market within 20 years.
At present, our embassy has prepared all the materials that need to be registered, and we will start to register patents after our products are manufactured.After the registration of silicon transistors is completed, we also need to register manufacturing patents.The Americans registered a germanium transistor invention patent, but because it has not yet been industrialized, the manufacturing patent has not been registered. We can take the lead in this regard.
Also, our patent registration should be more detailed, so as not to allow others to take advantage of loopholes.As you know, Dean Wu, there are many categories of transistors. If we want to fully erect technical barriers, we must register all categories!Let Americans encounter our patents regardless of any type and process of producing low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency, metal packaging, plastic packaging, glass packaging, diffusion type, planar type, alloy type, etc. Technical barriers! "
Xiaoqiang talked eloquently: "To put it bluntly, patents are a tool used by imperialism to exploit underdeveloped countries. This time, we will use this tool to bite imperialism back! With these patent barriers, we can at least Let the Americans shut up for a while, and then use our production capacity to overwhelm his electronics industry, making him feel that it is better to buy than to buy! It takes a long time, one ebbs and another, you understand.”
Dean Wu said happily: "Good idea! Yes, let's register more carefully! Each category produces a few samples and registers them all! Hehe, Xiaoqiang, you are still quite smart. Eat, don't eat, roast duck It's all cold."
Xiao Qiangxin said that this roast duck meal was really tiring, so he immediately moved his chopsticks and started to eat a lot.
Dean Wu said kindly from the side: "Eat slowly, no one will compete with you. Hehe, Xiaoqiang, can you tell me where you purchased these experimental equipment? Which country has such advanced technology? ? The most valuable thing is that people are willing to export it!"
Xiaoqiang said vaguely: "This is all shipped from the 491 project base. The core components are purchased from all over the world, and the 491 project is responsible for assembling the products."
He lowered his voice and continued: "There is a group of Nazi German scientists and soldiers who had a premonition that the Nazis would perish and defected to Africa before Germany surrendered. They took away a dozen fully loaded [-]-ton giant ships..."
You know, the words didn't sound real until halfway through, Xiaoqiang immediately changed the subject halfway, raised his voice and shouted: "Oh, my uncle Wu, do you want me to eat? You don't know, I'm really hungry. I feel hungry faster on the plane than on the ground. When I got off the plane, I sent Boss Chen to the hotel first. I just returned to the Secretariat of the Government Affairs Council. I wanted to report to the first one and go home, but I was caught by you. .”
"Nazi Germany!..." Dean Wu was dumbfounded when he heard Xiaoqiang's nonsense.
Xiaoqiang quickly put up a finger in front of his mouth pretending to be a ghost, signaling to Dean Wu to keep silent, but he felt that he was too unkind.
Dean Wu also knows that Xiaoqiang's words are very watery, but the Prime Minister has long warned the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the units assigned to the top-level experimental equipment that no one is allowed to inquire about the origin of these equipment!Not to mention that any information about this batch of equipment must not be leaked, not even a camera is allowed in the laboratory!Not even a single piece of paper can be taken out casually!So Dean Wu knew very well that this batch of top-level experimental equipment definitely came from an extraordinary source!
So the old man didn't ask any more questions, because of the information about Nazi German scientists revealed by the ghosts in Xiaoqiang's words, he already felt that his curiosity had been very, very greatly satisfied.
Dean Wu's face was full of excitement and excitement. He felt that our country is so powerful that we can actually get the top secrets of the Germans in exile!
Dean Wu quickly changed the subject and said: "At present, the work of preparing transistors in our laboratory is very smooth. The sintering experiments of germanium transistors and silicon transistors have all been successfully completed. The principle of packaging technology has also been tested in the laboratory. Various test reports and data have been fully grasped. The technical reserve in this area has been initially completed, and now it is waiting for industrial production. The idea of the integration of production, education and research promoted by the central government in the electronics industry is very good, focusing on scientific research on the one hand and production on the other. This can greatly accelerate the speed of industrial development.”
Xiaoqiang swallowed a mouthful of his meal and said, "Eat quickly if you are old, the food will be cold. The electronics industry is in trouble. This is a new industry, and the whole world has just started, because there are still at least 60 years before the technological bottleneck of this industry. Therefore, the upgrading speed of related technologies is too fast, almost every year. If the central government does not adopt this method, I am afraid that it will be further and further distanced by others.
The development of other industrial categories in the world today has entered the middle and late stages, and there is not much room for technological improvement.Judging from the trend, if other industries want to upgrade in the future, they must rely on the two emerging engines of the electronics industry and the new material industry to promote the development and upgrading of other industries.If we can dominate the electronics industry and establish a technological monopoly advantage, China will become the world's most well-deserved number one power in the future. "
Dean Wu seemed to be infected by Xiaoqiang, and said with a mouth full of rice: "The central government said that as long as the things sell well, the scientific research funds will continue to flow. I have given a guarantee to the Institute of Applied Physics, and all future research on technology The materials are used as demonstrative subjects, and the experimental funds are fully guaranteed, as much as they want, and the scientific and technological reserves must be solid without faults! My confidence comes from our electron tube factory and transistor factory."
Xiaoqiang had almost finished eating, so he licked his teeth and got himself a bowl of shepherd's purse tofu soup. While drinking, he said, "The model adopted by the central government is very good. With production and research, the teeth of the two factories were pulled out from the original factory. It was assigned to the General Armament Department, and was changed to the newly established Zhongke Electronics Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. These two factories are two big fat sheep. I think that once they are put into production in the future, after paying taxes, they will bring a lot of money to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. But don’t spend it all on scientific research, first improve the living conditions of scientists. Like Mr. Qian Xuesen, who used to live in garden villas abroad, I heard that now the whole family lives in a mansion next to Prince Gong’s mansion. In the separated courtyard, is this a bit too stingy?"
Dean Wu said in embarrassment: "Now Beidu plans to build a senior scientist residential area in Zhongguancun. Mr. Qian's level can roughly divide into a fully furnished three-bedroom and one living room."
Xiao Qiangxin said, it is not as good as the house that Mr. Qian lived in after returning to China in 1955 in history!So he said disdainfully: "It's too cold. No matter what Mr. Qian said, he should enjoy the provincial and ministerial treatment. According to the provincial and ministerial standards, it should be a house with a garden of 190-195 square meters. Right now, the three-bedroom I am firmly opposed to the One Hall plan!"
Beidu.
Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Xiaoqiang had just returned to Beidu, and before he even had time to eat dinner, he was dragged away by Mr. Wu Youxun, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
"Xiaoqiang, the Institute of Applied Physics has obtained the equipment and materials you purchased, and is currently trial-producing a variety of transistors. However, as early as 1948, the US Patent Office had approved Bell Labs' transistor invention patent, which caused us quite a headache. In the electronic technology industry-university-research integration strategy designated by the central government, the main goal of the next step is to mass-produce transistors industrially! In this way, what if Bell Labs in the United States asks us for patent fees? According to the plan, this will be exported ah."
Xiaoqiang sighed, looked hungrily at a table of meals prepared by Mr. Wu in the cafeteria of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, held back his saliva and said, "Mr. Wu, I am really hungry, and I only came back after flying with Mr. Chen all afternoon. We eat and sleep at home."
Mr. Wu said with a smile: "It's not the same everywhere, you boy, don't tempt me, the prime minister can tell me, if you have any questions or needs, I can find you! Don't shirk, or I will go to the prime minister to sue you boy black."
"Uncle Wu! Uncle Wu, please forgive me. Haven't I been serving the people? I have purchased enough 'one display and four spectrum' this time? Just various types of microscopes, optical and electronic. , together there are more than 3000 units!...You still let me have a bite first. Eh? This roast duck is not bad? Take a mouthful of saliva. "
Dean Wu hurriedly said: "The experimental equipment is very good! Very good! I have to praise you! No, the roast duck is specially bought for you! Your aunt brought it back from Quanjude specially! You hurry up and say it before I eat it for you." !"
Xiaoqiang was afraid that the food would be cold, so he hurriedly said: "It is true that the United States has applied for a patent, but it has not yet applied for a patent in China. Our National Patent Office is about to open, and now the central government has made arrangements. More than 2000 patents have been approved. Americans registered in the United States, but not in China, so it doesn’t count for the time being.”
Dean Wu asked: "What about export? The electron tube factory and transistor factory under the Ministry of Electronics Industry have started trial production. It is estimated that in the second half of this year, they will be able to produce about 70 pieces of various transistors. It has been put into production ahead of schedule and can basically meet the production demand.”
Xiao Qiang said: "Re-register when exporting! It is true that the United States has applied for a patent on germanium transistors, but germanium transistors are not the only type of transistor. Let's take out the silicon transistor and register it, and crush it to death.
After reading the information, you old people must know that the germanium transistor has too much reflow, the working temperature must not be overheated, the working stability is poor, the passing voltage is low, and the damage rate is high!Compared with silicon tubes, it's just too bad!
The germanium transistor is of little use except for the low-voltage side.Compared with silicon tubes, it has no future at all.I guarantee that germanium tubes will disappear from the market within 20 years.
At present, our embassy has prepared all the materials that need to be registered, and we will start to register patents after our products are manufactured.After the registration of silicon transistors is completed, we also need to register manufacturing patents.The Americans registered a germanium transistor invention patent, but because it has not yet been industrialized, the manufacturing patent has not been registered. We can take the lead in this regard.
Also, our patent registration should be more detailed, so as not to allow others to take advantage of loopholes.As you know, Dean Wu, there are many categories of transistors. If we want to fully erect technical barriers, we must register all categories!Let Americans encounter our patents regardless of any type and process of producing low frequency, high frequency, ultra high frequency, metal packaging, plastic packaging, glass packaging, diffusion type, planar type, alloy type, etc. Technical barriers! "
Xiaoqiang talked eloquently: "To put it bluntly, patents are a tool used by imperialism to exploit underdeveloped countries. This time, we will use this tool to bite imperialism back! With these patent barriers, we can at least Let the Americans shut up for a while, and then use our production capacity to overwhelm his electronics industry, making him feel that it is better to buy than to buy! It takes a long time, one ebbs and another, you understand.”
Dean Wu said happily: "Good idea! Yes, let's register more carefully! Each category produces a few samples and registers them all! Hehe, Xiaoqiang, you are still quite smart. Eat, don't eat, roast duck It's all cold."
Xiao Qiangxin said that this roast duck meal was really tiring, so he immediately moved his chopsticks and started to eat a lot.
Dean Wu said kindly from the side: "Eat slowly, no one will compete with you. Hehe, Xiaoqiang, can you tell me where you purchased these experimental equipment? Which country has such advanced technology? ? The most valuable thing is that people are willing to export it!"
Xiaoqiang said vaguely: "This is all shipped from the 491 project base. The core components are purchased from all over the world, and the 491 project is responsible for assembling the products."
He lowered his voice and continued: "There is a group of Nazi German scientists and soldiers who had a premonition that the Nazis would perish and defected to Africa before Germany surrendered. They took away a dozen fully loaded [-]-ton giant ships..."
You know, the words didn't sound real until halfway through, Xiaoqiang immediately changed the subject halfway, raised his voice and shouted: "Oh, my uncle Wu, do you want me to eat? You don't know, I'm really hungry. I feel hungry faster on the plane than on the ground. When I got off the plane, I sent Boss Chen to the hotel first. I just returned to the Secretariat of the Government Affairs Council. I wanted to report to the first one and go home, but I was caught by you. .”
"Nazi Germany!..." Dean Wu was dumbfounded when he heard Xiaoqiang's nonsense.
Xiaoqiang quickly put up a finger in front of his mouth pretending to be a ghost, signaling to Dean Wu to keep silent, but he felt that he was too unkind.
Dean Wu also knows that Xiaoqiang's words are very watery, but the Prime Minister has long warned the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the units assigned to the top-level experimental equipment that no one is allowed to inquire about the origin of these equipment!Not to mention that any information about this batch of equipment must not be leaked, not even a camera is allowed in the laboratory!Not even a single piece of paper can be taken out casually!So Dean Wu knew very well that this batch of top-level experimental equipment definitely came from an extraordinary source!
So the old man didn't ask any more questions, because of the information about Nazi German scientists revealed by the ghosts in Xiaoqiang's words, he already felt that his curiosity had been very, very greatly satisfied.
Dean Wu's face was full of excitement and excitement. He felt that our country is so powerful that we can actually get the top secrets of the Germans in exile!
Dean Wu quickly changed the subject and said: "At present, the work of preparing transistors in our laboratory is very smooth. The sintering experiments of germanium transistors and silicon transistors have all been successfully completed. The principle of packaging technology has also been tested in the laboratory. Various test reports and data have been fully grasped. The technical reserve in this area has been initially completed, and now it is waiting for industrial production. The idea of the integration of production, education and research promoted by the central government in the electronics industry is very good, focusing on scientific research on the one hand and production on the other. This can greatly accelerate the speed of industrial development.”
Xiaoqiang swallowed a mouthful of his meal and said, "Eat quickly if you are old, the food will be cold. The electronics industry is in trouble. This is a new industry, and the whole world has just started, because there are still at least 60 years before the technological bottleneck of this industry. Therefore, the upgrading speed of related technologies is too fast, almost every year. If the central government does not adopt this method, I am afraid that it will be further and further distanced by others.
The development of other industrial categories in the world today has entered the middle and late stages, and there is not much room for technological improvement.Judging from the trend, if other industries want to upgrade in the future, they must rely on the two emerging engines of the electronics industry and the new material industry to promote the development and upgrading of other industries.If we can dominate the electronics industry and establish a technological monopoly advantage, China will become the world's most well-deserved number one power in the future. "
Dean Wu seemed to be infected by Xiaoqiang, and said with a mouth full of rice: "The central government said that as long as the things sell well, the scientific research funds will continue to flow. I have given a guarantee to the Institute of Applied Physics, and all future research on technology The materials are used as demonstrative subjects, and the experimental funds are fully guaranteed, as much as they want, and the scientific and technological reserves must be solid without faults! My confidence comes from our electron tube factory and transistor factory."
Xiaoqiang had almost finished eating, so he licked his teeth and got himself a bowl of shepherd's purse tofu soup. While drinking, he said, "The model adopted by the central government is very good. With production and research, the teeth of the two factories were pulled out from the original factory. It was assigned to the General Armament Department, and was changed to the newly established Zhongke Electronics Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. These two factories are two big fat sheep. I think that once they are put into production in the future, after paying taxes, they will bring a lot of money to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. But don’t spend it all on scientific research, first improve the living conditions of scientists. Like Mr. Qian Xuesen, who used to live in garden villas abroad, I heard that now the whole family lives in a mansion next to Prince Gong’s mansion. In the separated courtyard, is this a bit too stingy?"
Dean Wu said in embarrassment: "Now Beidu plans to build a senior scientist residential area in Zhongguancun. Mr. Qian's level can roughly divide into a fully furnished three-bedroom and one living room."
Xiao Qiangxin said, it is not as good as the house that Mr. Qian lived in after returning to China in 1955 in history!So he said disdainfully: "It's too cold. No matter what Mr. Qian said, he should enjoy the provincial and ministerial treatment. According to the provincial and ministerial standards, it should be a house with a garden of 190-195 square meters. Right now, the three-bedroom I am firmly opposed to the One Hall plan!"