Chapter 2441
Chapter 2441
Chapter 2441
Of course, Chen Yixin's thinking is the same as that of most traversers, hoping that his children can fully inherit the career he has worked hard for in the future.But to achieve this, we must first ensure that the next generation has the corresponding ability, otherwise, no amount of family property can withstand the mediocrity of a few prodigal descendants, and receiving a comprehensive and advanced education since childhood is the guarantee for future generations to become talents One of the basic conditions.
Regarding whether to send the child back to Sanya to study, Chen Yixin has also discussed with his family many times, but has not made a clear decision.It's not that he doesn't think it's necessary to send his children back to Sanya, it's just that he has to guard in the north all year round, and he can't return to Sanya with his wife and children to settle down, unless he can abandon the situation he has managed in the north in the past few years, resign from his current position, and choose to return to China to do a civilian military officer.
It is indeed a dilemma for Chen Yixin whether to live in two places with his family for a long time, or to resign and give up his current career.Even though he was decisive in the army, he still inevitably hesitated when faced with such a choice.Moreover, he has been away from Sanya for ten years, and he does not have many contacts in the country to rely on. It is difficult to make comprehensive arrangements in advance whether it is to send his family back or transfer himself. In this case, he must not give up easily. military power.
Tao Donglai's statement undoubtedly gave him hope to solve the problem. If the executive committee can provide a more appropriate arrangement for this, then he can really consider sending his family to Sanya to settle down and solve the child's education problem.
Chen Yixin replied: "Then I would like to thank Mr. Tao first! But in the future, can you give me more vacations, so that I can go back to the south twice a year, so that the children will not know me as a father when they grow up!"
Tao Donglai nodded and said: "Defending the country's borders is indeed hard work. The executive committee must take your difficulties to heart and will try their best to solve them for you. Regarding the vacation...maybe it depends on whether the task can be done this time. To achieve the desired effect, if everything goes well, then you will have a lot of time to arrange yourself in the future."
Tao Donglai's words are not to make a big deal for Chen Yixin. If a truce agreement acceptable to all parties can be reached in this multinational meeting, then in the next period of time, there will be no need for Haihan in Northeast Asia. Maintain a state of readiness for war at any time, and both generals and troops can get a chance to rest.As long as a peaceful situation can be ushered in, let alone two vacations a year, even if Chen Yixin wants to go back to Sanya for three to five months, it will be no problem.
Of course, this is only an ideal situation, and the situation in Northeast Asia may not develop in the direction Hai Han expected.Tao Donglai dare not speak too harshly. After all, there are only a few senior generals who are familiar with the situation in Northeast Asia. If the international situation fails to develop in a good direction, then Haihan still needs to maintain the level of armaments in this region. Chen Yixin will definitely not be able to return to China to enjoy the long vacation.
With Chen Yixin's family members present at the moment, Tao Donglai didn't speak too bluntly, but Chen Yixin certainly understood what he meant, and nodded in response: "Don't worry, Mr. Tao, I always put state affairs first. If Shandong Liaodong It’s not peaceful, and I’m sure I’m not in the mood to take a vacation. I’m not in a hurry, and I’ll talk about it when you finish your errands this time and the situation is clearer.”
Although Chen Yixin is away all the year round and doesn't have much bureaucratic atmosphere, he is unambiguous when it is time to express his loyalty to the executive committee. He speaks beautiful words as soon as he opens his mouth.
The current situation in Northeast Asia is actually tending to ease. After the Qing army retreated from the territory of Ming Dynasty, it would take quite a long time to slowly digest the large amount of wealth and population obtained in this looting. Therefore, large-scale military operations will be launched in the short term. The possibility of action is actually not great, which is one of the main reasons why Haihan chose this time to organize the multinational meeting.However, the content of this meeting is still absolutely confidential at present, and it is not easy to discuss it in front of Chen Yixin's family, so they immediately skipped this topic with a tacit understanding.
Now that he has arrived at Majiazhuang, Ma Dongqiang, as the host, naturally wants to host a banquet, and it is inevitable that he will eat and drink again.However, Tao Donglai's status was noble, so Ma Dongqiang didn't dare greet his business partners as casually as he usually does, and even held his wine glass half a point shorter than Tao Donglai to show respect.
During the meeting, Tao Donglai also took the initiative to ask Ma Dongqiang about the current business situation. When it comes to this topic, Ma Dongqiang can't help but feel a little complacent.Although Chen Yixin's special status has indeed brought a lot of convenience to the Ma family's operations, in fact, Chen Yixin seldom directly intervenes in the specific operations of commerce, and Ma Dongqiang is basically taking care of it himself. Now this Fushan County can be managed as the Shandong Peninsula The premier transnational trade zone is indeed a credit to him.
And Chen Yixin recently recruited wealthy businessmen and dignitaries who took refuge in Fushan County to set up the "Shanhaihui". During the contact and negotiation with all parties, Ma Dongqiang was also involved in the operation. Therefore, a considerable part of Haihan's current business contacts in Shandong is actually in the hands of In the hands of Ma Dongqiang.
Tao Donglai nodded slightly while listening, thinking that in time, Ma Dongqiang should be able to become the spokesperson of Haihan in the local area like Li Jifeng in Guangzhou.However, in order to completely recruit the Ma family, it is not enough to let them operate their industries in Shandong, and it is still necessary to use some more wooing measures.
Tao Donglai asked: "I heard that Ma Yuanwai has not only managed well in Shandong, but has also established properties in Taiwan Island?"
Ma Dongqiang quickly responded: "This is all based on Yixin's advice. He said that it was not long before it was brought under your country's rule, and all industries are waiting to be developed. If you invest money to start a plantation at this time, you will have excellent returns in the future. Next Thinking that what he said was reasonable, I followed what he said, purchased property on Taiwan Island, set up a few plantations, and then expanded the area of the plantations every year depending on the situation. Now there are nearly [-] plantations in operation there. In addition, hundreds of local people have been hired to take care of the fields. This year, if there is spare money on hand, I plan to build two more oil and sugar workshops there, so that the production of the plantation can be processed by myself.”
Investing in plantations in Taiwan is the most suitable for businessmen who are in Daming and want to make some stable profits overseas. The plantation projects they invest in need to hire a lot of labor locally, which can solve the problem of relocation to a certain extent. In order to solve the employment problem of these immigrants in the local area, the social order will be stabilized.Most of these plantations are mainly economic crops designated by Haihan officials. In addition to providing agricultural technology and seedlings, the officials will also purchase these agricultural products, so basically there is no need to worry about losing money.
The Ma family has invested in a plantation near Kaohsiung in the southern part of Taiwan Island and in Vale Valley in Taipei. They grow sugar cane and oil palm respectively, and both of them are already producing.The sucrose and palm oil obtained after the deep processing of these two economic crops are high-value commodities. Naturally, Ma Dongqiang also wants to take care of the processing, so that the commodities sold on the market can get more lucrative profits. .
Tao Donglai said: "Our country has recently developed a new colonial area in Miaoli in the middle of Taiwan Island. At present, a considerable number of refugees who have moved out of Shandong will be sent to Miaoli for resettlement. Miaoli also set up a plantation?"
Ma Dongqiang is knowledgeable and interesting, since Tao Donglai has ordered the general personally, how can he refuse, and quickly replied: "There is such a good thing, I will thank Mr. Tao for the suggestion first!"
Tao Donglai said: "You don't need to be so polite. If you have any difficulties in cash flow, you can ask Haihan Bank to solve it. In addition, if there is a suitable partner in the Shanhai Club, you can also bring them to Taiwan Island as a landlord. "
Ma Dongqiang said: "In fact, Master Tao's suggestion has been mentioned to people I know, but they don't have deep contact with your country and lack sufficient trust, so they are a little worried about the reliability of operating plantations overseas."
"It's okay. It's normal to have such worries. We can arrange the itinerary and go to the local area for on-the-spot investigation. Our country will bear the cost of the round trip." Tao Donglai readily made a promise: "If you have time , You can also go to the local area to see your industry in person.”
For Ming businessmen, investing in overseas industries naturally has a lot of risks. Thousands of taels of silver are spent, but they can't see the properties they bought. There are too many uncertainties. This kind of anxiety cannot be resolved with a few words on the scene.Thinking back to when Ma Dongqiang invested in Taiwan Island under the persuasion of Chen Yixin, he was also anxious, fearing that his money would be wasted without knowing it, until later he sent his family members to supervise the work, and reported that the progress there was smooth. Only then did I slowly relax.
However, other businessmen do not have Haihan’s son-in-law like Chen Yixin, and all the sources of information are only provided by Haihan. Although Ma Dongqiang exaggerates the benefits of investing in Taiwan Island, but people can’t see the real thing at all, so naturally they will not easily believe him. these publicity.
In fact, Chen Yixin had already mentioned to Ma Dongqiang that he could go south to the various territories of Haihan to see if there were any exaggerations in Haihan's various propaganda.Especially the island of Taiwan, where the Ma family invested heavily, should go to the local area to witness the results of their investment with their own eyes.However, Ma Dongqiang had never left Dengzhou in his life, and he was still unwilling to travel thousands of miles away without Chen Yixin's company.
After hearing Tao Donglai's words, Ma Dongqiang looked at Chen Yixin, wanting to know his son-in-law's opinion.Chen Yixin looked normal and said: "Then when I am on vacation, the family will go south together and go to Taiwan Island to see how the business is doing."
"Okay! Just like what Yixin said, let's go together when he's on vacation! Let's go together!" As long as he can go with his son-in-law, Ma Dongqiang naturally has nothing to worry about.
Tao Donglai said: "If Ma Yuanwai thinks there are talented children in the clan, they can also be sent to our country to learn various knowledge and skills. When they come back to Shandong in the future, they should also be able to contribute to the revitalization of the Ma family."
Chen Yixin smiled and said, "Boss Tao, this matter has already been implemented. There is a junior in the family named Ma Hao, who is currently being trained in the military academy in Sanya. After finishing his studies, he should be assigned back to Shandong."
"Then you plan to come back to lead the militia, or serve in our Haihan army?" Tao Donglai asked, secretly writing down his name, and knowing about Ma Hao's situation when he returned to Sanya.
Chen Yixin said: "I plan to arrange for him to stay in Jinzhou for a year or two, let him accumulate some experience on the front line, and then see his own wishes. By then, it will be more than enough to bring a county-level militia."
Ma Dongqiang said: "If he is willing to go back to Fushan County to lead the regiment to practice, then the clan will give some money, and donate a thousand households, generals and other official positions for him, so as to cooperate with the Haihan Army."
After Tao Donglai heard this, he knew that Ma Dongqiang still hoped that this junior could return to Fushan County to serve the Ma family, instead of staying in the Haihan army to work for others.With the current strength of the Ma family, it shouldn't be a problem to raise a militia regiment with thousands of people. As long as you buy an official position for this junior, the regiment will immediately become a regular army with an organization.At that time, the influence of the Ma family in Dengzhou will increase even more. Even if the officials in Dengzhou city who have been coveting Fushan County want to play tricks, they will have to be wary of the armed forces in the hands of the Ma family.
Tao Donglai didn't mind too much about Ma Dongqiang's small calculations. With his own people in the Ming army, many things would be much easier to handle. This has been fully proved in the south.If this Ma Hao had the corresponding ability, then maybe Hai Han would try to push him to climb higher.
After the banquet ended that day, Tao Donglai didn't arrange any other itinerary, so he stayed directly in Majiazhuang.In the evening Chen Yixin summoned Liu Shang and other local officials and asked Tao Donglai to meet them.These officials have been busy outside recently, and it was not until this time that they learned that Tao Donglai had arrived in Shandong silently.
Tao Donglai also knows that these people have been busy resettling refugees recently, and all of them are working hard without touching the ground. At the moment, he also warmly encourages them, saying that the executive committee has always paid attention to the work they have done, and there will be more in the future. corresponding incentives.
Of course, after the meeting, Chen Yixin brought these people out of the living room and warned them to keep Tao Donglai's itinerary a secret and not let the news leak out.A smart person like Liu Shang naturally thought that if a big man like Tao Donglai came to the north quietly, something big must happen recently.
The next day, according to the scheduled arrangement, Tao Donglai will go to Fushan Copper Mine for inspection.As the copper mine with the largest production capacity under Haihan's rule, this deposit is of extraordinary significance to Haihan. The industrialization process that the Executive Committee has been working hard to promote must consume a large amount of copper.The copper mines transported from Fushan County every two months will be treated as strategic materials, sent to the south by military transport ships, and directly transported to Tiandu Industrial Zone, where they will be processed into various industrial products needed by Haihan .
(End of this chapter)
Of course, Chen Yixin's thinking is the same as that of most traversers, hoping that his children can fully inherit the career he has worked hard for in the future.But to achieve this, we must first ensure that the next generation has the corresponding ability, otherwise, no amount of family property can withstand the mediocrity of a few prodigal descendants, and receiving a comprehensive and advanced education since childhood is the guarantee for future generations to become talents One of the basic conditions.
Regarding whether to send the child back to Sanya to study, Chen Yixin has also discussed with his family many times, but has not made a clear decision.It's not that he doesn't think it's necessary to send his children back to Sanya, it's just that he has to guard in the north all year round, and he can't return to Sanya with his wife and children to settle down, unless he can abandon the situation he has managed in the north in the past few years, resign from his current position, and choose to return to China to do a civilian military officer.
It is indeed a dilemma for Chen Yixin whether to live in two places with his family for a long time, or to resign and give up his current career.Even though he was decisive in the army, he still inevitably hesitated when faced with such a choice.Moreover, he has been away from Sanya for ten years, and he does not have many contacts in the country to rely on. It is difficult to make comprehensive arrangements in advance whether it is to send his family back or transfer himself. In this case, he must not give up easily. military power.
Tao Donglai's statement undoubtedly gave him hope to solve the problem. If the executive committee can provide a more appropriate arrangement for this, then he can really consider sending his family to Sanya to settle down and solve the child's education problem.
Chen Yixin replied: "Then I would like to thank Mr. Tao first! But in the future, can you give me more vacations, so that I can go back to the south twice a year, so that the children will not know me as a father when they grow up!"
Tao Donglai nodded and said: "Defending the country's borders is indeed hard work. The executive committee must take your difficulties to heart and will try their best to solve them for you. Regarding the vacation...maybe it depends on whether the task can be done this time. To achieve the desired effect, if everything goes well, then you will have a lot of time to arrange yourself in the future."
Tao Donglai's words are not to make a big deal for Chen Yixin. If a truce agreement acceptable to all parties can be reached in this multinational meeting, then in the next period of time, there will be no need for Haihan in Northeast Asia. Maintain a state of readiness for war at any time, and both generals and troops can get a chance to rest.As long as a peaceful situation can be ushered in, let alone two vacations a year, even if Chen Yixin wants to go back to Sanya for three to five months, it will be no problem.
Of course, this is only an ideal situation, and the situation in Northeast Asia may not develop in the direction Hai Han expected.Tao Donglai dare not speak too harshly. After all, there are only a few senior generals who are familiar with the situation in Northeast Asia. If the international situation fails to develop in a good direction, then Haihan still needs to maintain the level of armaments in this region. Chen Yixin will definitely not be able to return to China to enjoy the long vacation.
With Chen Yixin's family members present at the moment, Tao Donglai didn't speak too bluntly, but Chen Yixin certainly understood what he meant, and nodded in response: "Don't worry, Mr. Tao, I always put state affairs first. If Shandong Liaodong It’s not peaceful, and I’m sure I’m not in the mood to take a vacation. I’m not in a hurry, and I’ll talk about it when you finish your errands this time and the situation is clearer.”
Although Chen Yixin is away all the year round and doesn't have much bureaucratic atmosphere, he is unambiguous when it is time to express his loyalty to the executive committee. He speaks beautiful words as soon as he opens his mouth.
The current situation in Northeast Asia is actually tending to ease. After the Qing army retreated from the territory of Ming Dynasty, it would take quite a long time to slowly digest the large amount of wealth and population obtained in this looting. Therefore, large-scale military operations will be launched in the short term. The possibility of action is actually not great, which is one of the main reasons why Haihan chose this time to organize the multinational meeting.However, the content of this meeting is still absolutely confidential at present, and it is not easy to discuss it in front of Chen Yixin's family, so they immediately skipped this topic with a tacit understanding.
Now that he has arrived at Majiazhuang, Ma Dongqiang, as the host, naturally wants to host a banquet, and it is inevitable that he will eat and drink again.However, Tao Donglai's status was noble, so Ma Dongqiang didn't dare greet his business partners as casually as he usually does, and even held his wine glass half a point shorter than Tao Donglai to show respect.
During the meeting, Tao Donglai also took the initiative to ask Ma Dongqiang about the current business situation. When it comes to this topic, Ma Dongqiang can't help but feel a little complacent.Although Chen Yixin's special status has indeed brought a lot of convenience to the Ma family's operations, in fact, Chen Yixin seldom directly intervenes in the specific operations of commerce, and Ma Dongqiang is basically taking care of it himself. Now this Fushan County can be managed as the Shandong Peninsula The premier transnational trade zone is indeed a credit to him.
And Chen Yixin recently recruited wealthy businessmen and dignitaries who took refuge in Fushan County to set up the "Shanhaihui". During the contact and negotiation with all parties, Ma Dongqiang was also involved in the operation. Therefore, a considerable part of Haihan's current business contacts in Shandong is actually in the hands of In the hands of Ma Dongqiang.
Tao Donglai nodded slightly while listening, thinking that in time, Ma Dongqiang should be able to become the spokesperson of Haihan in the local area like Li Jifeng in Guangzhou.However, in order to completely recruit the Ma family, it is not enough to let them operate their industries in Shandong, and it is still necessary to use some more wooing measures.
Tao Donglai asked: "I heard that Ma Yuanwai has not only managed well in Shandong, but has also established properties in Taiwan Island?"
Ma Dongqiang quickly responded: "This is all based on Yixin's advice. He said that it was not long before it was brought under your country's rule, and all industries are waiting to be developed. If you invest money to start a plantation at this time, you will have excellent returns in the future. Next Thinking that what he said was reasonable, I followed what he said, purchased property on Taiwan Island, set up a few plantations, and then expanded the area of the plantations every year depending on the situation. Now there are nearly [-] plantations in operation there. In addition, hundreds of local people have been hired to take care of the fields. This year, if there is spare money on hand, I plan to build two more oil and sugar workshops there, so that the production of the plantation can be processed by myself.”
Investing in plantations in Taiwan is the most suitable for businessmen who are in Daming and want to make some stable profits overseas. The plantation projects they invest in need to hire a lot of labor locally, which can solve the problem of relocation to a certain extent. In order to solve the employment problem of these immigrants in the local area, the social order will be stabilized.Most of these plantations are mainly economic crops designated by Haihan officials. In addition to providing agricultural technology and seedlings, the officials will also purchase these agricultural products, so basically there is no need to worry about losing money.
The Ma family has invested in a plantation near Kaohsiung in the southern part of Taiwan Island and in Vale Valley in Taipei. They grow sugar cane and oil palm respectively, and both of them are already producing.The sucrose and palm oil obtained after the deep processing of these two economic crops are high-value commodities. Naturally, Ma Dongqiang also wants to take care of the processing, so that the commodities sold on the market can get more lucrative profits. .
Tao Donglai said: "Our country has recently developed a new colonial area in Miaoli in the middle of Taiwan Island. At present, a considerable number of refugees who have moved out of Shandong will be sent to Miaoli for resettlement. Miaoli also set up a plantation?"
Ma Dongqiang is knowledgeable and interesting, since Tao Donglai has ordered the general personally, how can he refuse, and quickly replied: "There is such a good thing, I will thank Mr. Tao for the suggestion first!"
Tao Donglai said: "You don't need to be so polite. If you have any difficulties in cash flow, you can ask Haihan Bank to solve it. In addition, if there is a suitable partner in the Shanhai Club, you can also bring them to Taiwan Island as a landlord. "
Ma Dongqiang said: "In fact, Master Tao's suggestion has been mentioned to people I know, but they don't have deep contact with your country and lack sufficient trust, so they are a little worried about the reliability of operating plantations overseas."
"It's okay. It's normal to have such worries. We can arrange the itinerary and go to the local area for on-the-spot investigation. Our country will bear the cost of the round trip." Tao Donglai readily made a promise: "If you have time , You can also go to the local area to see your industry in person.”
For Ming businessmen, investing in overseas industries naturally has a lot of risks. Thousands of taels of silver are spent, but they can't see the properties they bought. There are too many uncertainties. This kind of anxiety cannot be resolved with a few words on the scene.Thinking back to when Ma Dongqiang invested in Taiwan Island under the persuasion of Chen Yixin, he was also anxious, fearing that his money would be wasted without knowing it, until later he sent his family members to supervise the work, and reported that the progress there was smooth. Only then did I slowly relax.
However, other businessmen do not have Haihan’s son-in-law like Chen Yixin, and all the sources of information are only provided by Haihan. Although Ma Dongqiang exaggerates the benefits of investing in Taiwan Island, but people can’t see the real thing at all, so naturally they will not easily believe him. these publicity.
In fact, Chen Yixin had already mentioned to Ma Dongqiang that he could go south to the various territories of Haihan to see if there were any exaggerations in Haihan's various propaganda.Especially the island of Taiwan, where the Ma family invested heavily, should go to the local area to witness the results of their investment with their own eyes.However, Ma Dongqiang had never left Dengzhou in his life, and he was still unwilling to travel thousands of miles away without Chen Yixin's company.
After hearing Tao Donglai's words, Ma Dongqiang looked at Chen Yixin, wanting to know his son-in-law's opinion.Chen Yixin looked normal and said: "Then when I am on vacation, the family will go south together and go to Taiwan Island to see how the business is doing."
"Okay! Just like what Yixin said, let's go together when he's on vacation! Let's go together!" As long as he can go with his son-in-law, Ma Dongqiang naturally has nothing to worry about.
Tao Donglai said: "If Ma Yuanwai thinks there are talented children in the clan, they can also be sent to our country to learn various knowledge and skills. When they come back to Shandong in the future, they should also be able to contribute to the revitalization of the Ma family."
Chen Yixin smiled and said, "Boss Tao, this matter has already been implemented. There is a junior in the family named Ma Hao, who is currently being trained in the military academy in Sanya. After finishing his studies, he should be assigned back to Shandong."
"Then you plan to come back to lead the militia, or serve in our Haihan army?" Tao Donglai asked, secretly writing down his name, and knowing about Ma Hao's situation when he returned to Sanya.
Chen Yixin said: "I plan to arrange for him to stay in Jinzhou for a year or two, let him accumulate some experience on the front line, and then see his own wishes. By then, it will be more than enough to bring a county-level militia."
Ma Dongqiang said: "If he is willing to go back to Fushan County to lead the regiment to practice, then the clan will give some money, and donate a thousand households, generals and other official positions for him, so as to cooperate with the Haihan Army."
After Tao Donglai heard this, he knew that Ma Dongqiang still hoped that this junior could return to Fushan County to serve the Ma family, instead of staying in the Haihan army to work for others.With the current strength of the Ma family, it shouldn't be a problem to raise a militia regiment with thousands of people. As long as you buy an official position for this junior, the regiment will immediately become a regular army with an organization.At that time, the influence of the Ma family in Dengzhou will increase even more. Even if the officials in Dengzhou city who have been coveting Fushan County want to play tricks, they will have to be wary of the armed forces in the hands of the Ma family.
Tao Donglai didn't mind too much about Ma Dongqiang's small calculations. With his own people in the Ming army, many things would be much easier to handle. This has been fully proved in the south.If this Ma Hao had the corresponding ability, then maybe Hai Han would try to push him to climb higher.
After the banquet ended that day, Tao Donglai didn't arrange any other itinerary, so he stayed directly in Majiazhuang.In the evening Chen Yixin summoned Liu Shang and other local officials and asked Tao Donglai to meet them.These officials have been busy outside recently, and it was not until this time that they learned that Tao Donglai had arrived in Shandong silently.
Tao Donglai also knows that these people have been busy resettling refugees recently, and all of them are working hard without touching the ground. At the moment, he also warmly encourages them, saying that the executive committee has always paid attention to the work they have done, and there will be more in the future. corresponding incentives.
Of course, after the meeting, Chen Yixin brought these people out of the living room and warned them to keep Tao Donglai's itinerary a secret and not let the news leak out.A smart person like Liu Shang naturally thought that if a big man like Tao Donglai came to the north quietly, something big must happen recently.
The next day, according to the scheduled arrangement, Tao Donglai will go to Fushan Copper Mine for inspection.As the copper mine with the largest production capacity under Haihan's rule, this deposit is of extraordinary significance to Haihan. The industrialization process that the Executive Committee has been working hard to promote must consume a large amount of copper.The copper mines transported from Fushan County every two months will be treated as strategic materials, sent to the south by military transport ships, and directly transported to Tiandu Industrial Zone, where they will be processed into various industrial products needed by Haihan .
(End of this chapter)